Anti-Glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2)
from rabbit, purified by affinity chromatography
Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial
Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (UniProt: Q9NS18) is encoded by the GLRX2 (also known as GRX2, CGI-133) gene (Gene ID: 51022) in human. Glutaredoxin-2 is a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that is widely expressed and facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Its active form is a monomer and it can dimerize to an inactive form where homodimers are linked by one 2Fe-2S cluster. The 2Fe-2S may serve as a redox sensor and the presence of one-electron oxidants or reductants can lead to the loss of the 2Fe-2S cluster and subsequent monomerization and activation of the enzyme. Glutaredoxin-2 acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. It can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Glutaredoxin-2 is known to efficiently catalyze both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression of glutaredoxin-2 decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release.
