Thermo Fisher Scientific NSE Monoclonal Antibody (5E2)

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

1:100-1:200

-

Product Specifications

Host/Isotype

Mouse / IgG2a, kappa

Class

Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

5E2

Immunogen

Neuron-specific enolase from human brain

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Storage conditions

2-8°C

Shipping conditions

Wet ice

Product Specific Information

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is cerebellum, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is the glycolytic isoenzyme of the enolase gamma-gamma dimer specifically detected in neurons of neuroendocrine cells, and their corresponding tumors. In addition, NSE has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in the non-neoplastic cells of the pituitary, peptide secreting tissues, pineocytes, neuroendocrine cells of the lung, thyroid, parafollicular cells, adrenal medulla, islets of Langerhans, Merkel cells of the skin, and melanocytes. Anti-NSE immunostaining is also positive in normal striated muscle, hepatocytes and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle. Anti-NSE is a useful marker to identify peripheral nerves. When used for the identification of neuroendocrine differentiation, it is necessary that it be employed in a panel with more specific markers such as anti-synaptophysin, anti- chromogranin, and anti-neurofilament.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

Neuron specific enolase (NSE, ENO1, ENO2, ENO3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, and the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis. NSE has a high stability in biological fluids and can easily diffuse to the extracellular medium and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when neuronal membranes are injured.NSE is one of three mammalian enolases, which are also known as ENO1, ENO2, and ENO3 or alternately as enolase alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha-subunit is expressed in most tissues, the beta-subunit only in muscle, and the gamma-subunit is expressed primarily in neurons, in normal and in neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. Co-expression of NSE and chromogranin A is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Since neurons require a great deal of energy, they are very rich in glycolytic enzymes such a GAPDH and NSE. Antibodies to NSE protein are useful to identify neuronal cell bodies, developing neuronal lineage and neuroendocrine cells. Release of NSE from damaged neurons into CSF and blood has also been used as a biomarker of neuronal injury. NSE is used clinically as a sensitive and useful marker of neuronal damage in several neurological disorders including stroke, hypoxic brain damage, status epilepticus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and herpetic encephalitis. Further, NSE is found in elevated concentrations in plasma and certain neoplasias that include pediatric neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.