Thermo Fisher Scientific HMGB1 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HL2060)

Applications and Tested Dilution

Product Specifications

Target Information

HMGB1 (High-mobility group box-1) protein was originally described as a nuclear non-histone DNA binding chromosomal protein. Recent studies indicate that damaged or necrotic cells release HMGB1 into the extracellular milieu, where it functions as a proinflammatory cytokine.

Mouse HMGB1 is expressed as a 215 amino acid single-chain polypeptide containing three domains:

• Two tandem-linked positively charged DNA-binding domains (HMG box A, aa 9–79; and box B, aa 89–162)
• A negatively charged 30 aa C-terminal acidic tail region

Residues 28–44 and 180–185 contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS).
The cytokine activity of HMGB1 is contained in the B box, while the A box is associated with the helix-loop-helix domain of transcription factors.

HMGB1 acts as an inflammatory mediator promoting monocyte migration and cytokine secretion, as well as a mediator of T cell–dendritic cell interaction. It is secreted and transduces cellular signals through its high-affinity receptor RAGE, and possibly TLR2 and TLR4.

HMGB1 is highly conserved and ubiquitous in nuclei and cytoplasm of nearly all cell types. It is a necessary and sufficient mediator of inflammation during sterile and infection-associated responses. It also acts as a DNA nuclear binding protein and has been shown to be an early trigger of sterile inflammation in animal models via activation of TLR4 and RAGE.

Elevated HMGB1 levels are reported during sterile tissue injury, infection, lethal endotoxemia or sepsis, collagen-induced arthritis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.