Thermo Fisher Scientific EMA Monoclonal Antibody (E29)

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

1:100-1:200

-

Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Human

Host/Isotype

Mouse / IgG2a, kappa

Class

Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

E29

Immunogen

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Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Concentration

200 µg/mL

Purification

Protein A

Storage buffer

tris with BSA, NP-40

Contains

<0.1% sodium azide

Storage conditions

4° C

Shipping conditions

Wet ice

Product Specific Information

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Breast (epithelial cell), however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), or CA15-3, or polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM), or sialomucin, or episialin is a mucin-like glycoprotein. Antibody to EMA has been shown useful as a pan- epithelial marker for detecting early metastatic loci of carcinoma in the bone marrow or liver.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

MUC1 (Mucin 1, Episialin, MAM-6, CA 15-3, PEM and EMA) is a large cell surface mucin glycoprotein expressed by most glandular and ductal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cell lineages. MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a large mucin-like extracellular domain that matures through several intermediate forms generated by proteolysis, and sequential addition and processing of numerous O-linked glycans that are heavily sialylated. MUC1 is highly polymorphic and each allele encodes a product that contains a different number of repeats (between 30 and 90) leading to large differences in molecular weight of the protein. MUC1 is expressed on most secretory epithelium, including mammary gland and some hematopoietic cells, and is expressed abundantly in >90% breast carcinomas and metastases. Transgenic MUC1 has been shown to associate with all four cebB receptors and localize with erbB1 (EGFR) in lactating glands. The MUC1 gene contains seven exons and produces several different alternatively spliced variants. Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in glycosylation of the MUC1 protein have been associated with carcinomas. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms of the MUC1 gene have been reported, but the full-length nature of only some has been determined. Transgenic MUC-1 has been shown to associate with all four cebB receptors and localize with erbB1 (EGFR) in lactating glands.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.