Thermo Fisher Scientific ER Monoclonal Antibody (ZM319)

Applications and Tested Dilution

Product Specifications

Product Specific Information

This product is provided as a ready-to-use formulation for immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A recommended positive control tissue is breast adenocarcinoma, though other positive tissues may be used.

The antibody recognizes a 67 kDa protein identified as estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. It strongly stains the nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. ER is a key regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland, and its presence in tumors suggests a likely response to antiestrogen therapy (e.g., tamoxifen).

Usage Notes:

• Pretreatment with heat-induced or enzymatic epitope retrieval is recommended.
• IHC staining involves sequential application of primary and secondary antibodies, enzyme complex, and chromogenic substrate, with washing steps between each.
• A positive tissue control must be included with every staining run.
• External positive controls should be processed similarly to patient samples and ideally show weak positive staining to detect changes in antibody sensitivity.
• Negative control tissues should confirm absence of specific staining to validate results.

Target Information

Estrogen receptors (ER) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. When bound to estrogen, ER undergoes conformational change, dimerizes, and binds to estrogen response elements (EREs) in DNA to regulate gene transcription. Two main forms exist: ER alpha (ESR1) and ER beta (ESR2). Multiple ER-alpha isoforms (66, 53, 47, and 35 kDa) arise from alternative splicing. ERs are expressed widely and play roles in sexual development, reproduction, bone physiology, and in diseases such as breast and endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without authorization.