Thermo Fisher Scientific Thymidylate Synthase Monoclonal Antibody (TS106)

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

1:100-1:200

-

Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Human

Host/Isotype

Mouse / IgG1, kappa

Class

Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

TS106

Immunogen

Recombinant human thymidylate synthase

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Concentration

200 µg/mL

Purification

Protein A

Storage buffer

tris with BSA, NP-40

Contains

<0.1% sodium azide

Storage conditions

4° C

Shipping conditions

Wet ice

Product Specific Information

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is ZMTB-1, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

TS (EC:2.1.1.45), a cytosolic enzyme, is a dimmer of two identical monomers of about 36 kDa. The enzyme provides the sole intracellular de novo source of thymidylate and plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair. TS catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dump) and its conversion to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP). Therefore, TS is primarily active in proliferating and metabolic active cells. TS is a central target of the widely used antineoplastic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and thus also of the Xeloda, which is enzymatically activated to 5-FU. TS is inactivated by a covalent complex formation with 5-FdUMP and methylenetetrahydrofolate. Literature indicates that expression of TS is associated with response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human breast, colorectal, gastric, head, and neck carcinomas with low TS expression predicting better response to 5-FU and survival.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

Thymidylate Synthase (TS) converts deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), which is essential for DNA biosynthesis. TS is a critical target for the fluoropyrimidines, an important group of antineoplastic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Both 5-FU and fluorodeoxyuridine are converted in tumor cells to FdUMP which inactivates TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex in the presence of the folate cofactor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Expression of TS protein is associated with response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human colorectal, gastric, head and neck, and breast carcinomas.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.